Fire fighting
is the act of attempting to prevent the spread of and extinguish significant unwanted
fires in buildings, vehicles, woodlands, etc. A firefighter suppresses fires to
protect lives, property and the environment.
Firefighters typically undergo a high degree of technical training.
This involves structural firefighting and wildland firefighting.
Specialized training includes aircraft firefighting, shipboard firefighting, aerial firefighting, maritime firefighting, and proximity firefighting.
One of the major hazards associated with firefighting operations is the toxic
environment created by combustible materials. The four major risks are
smoke, oxygen deficiency, elevated temperatures, and poisonous atmospheres.
Additional hazards include falls and structural collapse that can exacerbate the problems encountered in a toxic environment. To combat some of these risks, firefighters carry self-contained breathing apparatus.
The first step in a firefighting operation is reconnaissance to search for the origin
of the fire and to identify the specific risks.
Fires can be extinguished by water, fuel or oxidant removal, or chemical flame
inhibition; though, because fires are classified depending on the elements
involved, such as grease, paper, electrical, etcetera, a specific type of fire
extinguisher may be required. The classification is based on the type of fires
that the extinguisher is more suitable for. In the United States, the types of
fire are described by the National Fire Protection Association.
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